require 'set'
require 'amqp'
require 'thread'
require 'json'
require 'eventmachine'

include Jampb

# add new field to client connection
module EventMachine
  module WebSocket
    class Connection < EventMachine::Connection
      attr_accessor :encode_json, :client_id, :user_id, :context # client_id is uuid we give to each client to track them as we like

      # http://stackoverflow.com/questions/11150147/how-to-check-if-eventmachineconnection-is-open
      attr_accessor :connected
      def connection_completed
        connected = true
        super
      end

      def connected?
        !!connected
      end

      def unbind
        connected = false
        super
      end
    end
  end
end

module JamWebsockets

  class Router

    attr_accessor :user_context_lookup

    def initialize()
      @log = Logging.logger[self]
      @clients = {} # clients that have logged in
      @user_context_lookup = {} # lookup a set of client_contexts by user_id
      @client_lookup = {} # lookup a client by client_id
      @amqp_connection_manager = nil
      @users_exchange = nil
      @message_factory = JamRuby::MessageFactory.new
      @semaphore = Mutex.new
      @user_topic = nil
      @client_topic = nil
      @thread_pool = nil
      @heartbeat_interval_client = nil
      @connect_time_expire_client = nil
      @heartbeat_interval_browser= nil
      @connect_time_expire_browser= nil
      @ar_base_logger = ::Logging::Repository.instance[ActiveRecord::Base]
    end

    def start(connect_time_stale_client, connect_time_expire_client, connect_time_stale_browser, connect_time_expire_browser, options={:host => "localhost", :port => 5672}, &block)

      @log.info "startup"

      @heartbeat_interval_client = connect_time_stale_client / 2
      @connect_time_expire_client = connect_time_expire_client

      begin
        @amqp_connection_manager = AmqpConnectionManager.new(true, 4, :host => options[:host], :port => options[:port])
        @amqp_connection_manager.connect do |channel|
          register_topics(channel)
          block.call
        end

      rescue => e
        @log.error "unable to initialize #{e.to_s}"
        cleanup
        raise e
      end

      @log.info "started"
    end

    def add_client(client_id, client_context)
      @log.debug "adding client #{client_id} to @client_lookup"
      @client_lookup[client_id] = client_context
    end

    def remove_client(client_id)
      deleted = @client_lookup.delete(client_id)

      if deleted.nil?
        @log.warn "unable to delete #{client_id} from client_lookup because it's already gone"
       else
        @log.debug "cleaned up @client_lookup for #{client_id}"
      end

    end

    def add_user(context)
      user_contexts = @user_context_lookup[context.user.id]
      if user_contexts.nil?
        user_contexts = Hash.new
        @user_context_lookup[context.user.id] = user_contexts
      end

      user_contexts[context.client] = context
    end

    def remove_user(client_context)
      user_contexts = @user_context_lookup[client_context.user.id]

      if user_contexts.nil?
        @log.warn "user can not be removed #{client_context}"
      else
        # delete the context from set of user contexts
        user_contexts.delete(client_context.client)

        # if last user context, delete entire set (memory leak concern)
        if user_contexts.length == 0
          @user_context_lookup.delete(client_context.user.id)
        end

        client_context.user = nil
      end
    end

    # register topic for user messages and session messages
    def register_topics(channel)

      ######################## USER MESSAGING ###########################

      # create user exchange
      @users_exchange = channel.topic('users')
      # create user messaging topic
      @user_topic = channel.queue("", :auto_delete => true)
      @user_topic.bind(@users_exchange, :routing_key => "user.#")
      @user_topic.purge

      # subscribe for any messages to users
      @user_topic.subscribe(:ack => false) do |headers, msg|
        begin
          routing_key = headers.routing_key
          user_id = routing_key["user.".length..-1]

          @semaphore.synchronize do
            contexts = @user_context_lookup[user_id]

            if !contexts.nil?

              @log.debug "received user-directed message for user: #{user_id}"

              msg = Jampb::ClientMessage.parse(msg)

              contexts.each do |client_id, context|
                EM.schedule do
                  @log.debug "sending user message to #{context}"
                  send_to_client(context.client, msg)
                end
              end
            else
              @log.debug "Can't route message: no user connected with id #{user_id}"
            end
          end

        rescue => e
          @log.error "unhandled error in messaging to client"
          @log.error e
        end
      end

      MQRouter.user_exchange = @users_exchange

      ############## CLIENT MESSAGING ###################

      @clients_exchange = channel.topic('clients')

      @client_topic = channel.queue("", :auto_delete => true)
      @client_topic.bind(@clients_exchange, :routing_key => "client.#")
      @client_topic.purge

      # subscribe for any p2p messages to a client
      @client_topic.subscribe(:ack => false) do |headers, msg|
        begin
          routing_key = headers.routing_key
          client_id = routing_key["client.".length..-1]
          @semaphore.synchronize do
            client_context = @client_lookup[client_id]

            if !client_context.nil?

              client = client_context.client

              msg = Jampb::ClientMessage.parse(msg)

              @log.debug "client-directed message received from #{msg.from} to client #{client_id}"

              unless client.nil?

                EM.schedule do
                  @log.debug "sending client-directed down websocket to #{client_id}"
                  send_to_client(client, msg)
                end
              else
                @log.debug "client-directed message unroutable to disconnected client #{client_id}"
              end
            else
              @log.debug "Can't route message: no client connected with id #{client_id}"
            end
          end
        rescue => e
          @log.error "unhandled error in messaging to client"
          @log.error e
        end
      end

      MQRouter.client_exchange = @clients_exchange
    end


    def new_client(client)
      # default to using json instead of pb
      client.encode_json = true

      client.onopen { |handshake|
        #binding.pry
        @log.debug "client connected #{client}"

        # check for '?pb' or '?pb=true' in url query parameters
        query_pb = handshake.query["pb"]

        if !query_pb.nil? && (query_pb == "" || query_pb == "true")
          client.encode_json = false
        end

      }

      client.onclose {
        @log.debug "Connection closed"
        stale_client(client)
        cleanup_client(client)
      }

      client.onerror { |error|
        if error.kind_of?(EM::WebSocket::WebSocketError)
          @log.error "websockets error: #{error}"
        else
          @log.error "generic error: #{error} #{error.backtrace}"
        end
      }

      client.onmessage { |msg|

        # TODO: set a max message size before we put it through PB?
        # TODO: rate limit?

        pb_msg = nil

        begin
          if client.encode_json
            #example: {"type":"LOGIN", "target":"server", "login" : {"username":"hi"}}
            parse = JSON.parse(msg)
            pb_msg = Jampb::ClientMessage.json_create(parse)
            self.route(pb_msg, client)
          else
            pb_msg = Jampb::ClientMessage.parse(msg.to_s)
            self.route(pb_msg, client)
          end
        rescue SessionError => e
          @log.info "ending client session deliberately due to malformed client behavior. reason=#{e}"
          begin
            # wrap the message up and send it down
            error_msg = @message_factory.server_rejection_error(e.to_s)
            send_to_client(client, error_msg)
          ensure
            cleanup_client(client)
          end
        rescue PermissionError => e
          @log.info "permission error.  reason=#{e.to_s}"
          @log.info e

          # wrap the message up and send it down
          error_msg = @message_factory.server_permission_error(pb_msg.message_id, e.to_s)
          send_to_client(client, error_msg)
        rescue => e
          @log.error "ending client session due to server programming or runtime error. reason=#{e.to_s}"
          @log.error e

          begin
            # wrap the message up and send it down
            error_msg = @message_factory.server_generic_error(e.to_s)
            send_to_client(client, error_msg)
          ensure
            cleanup_client(client)
          end
        end
      }
    end


    def send_to_client(client, msg)
      @log.debug "SEND TO CLIENT (#{@message_factory.get_message_type(msg)})" unless msg.type == ClientMessage::Type::HEARTBEAT_ACK
      if client.encode_json
        client.send(msg.to_json.to_s)
      else
        # this is so odd that this is necessary from an API perspective.  but searching through the source code... it's all I could find in em-websocket for allowing a binary message to be sent
        client.instance_variable_get(:@handler).send_frame(:binary, msg.to_s)
      end
    end

    def cleanup()
      # shutdown topic listeners and mq connection

      unless @amqp_connection_manager.nil?
        @amqp_connection_manager.disconnect
      end

      # tear down each individual client
      @clients.each do |client, context|
        cleanup_client(client)
      end
    end

    def stop
      @log.info "shutdown"
      cleanup
    end

    # caused a client connection to be marked stale
    def stale_client(client)
      if client.client_id
        ConnectionManager.active_record_transaction do |connection_manager|
          music_session_id = connection_manager.flag_connection_stale_with_client_id(client.client_id)
          # update the session members, letting them know this client went stale
          context = @client_lookup[client.client_id]
          if music_session = MusicSession.find_by_id(music_session_id) 
            Notification.send_musician_session_stale(music_session, client.client_id, context.user)
          end unless music_session_id.nil?
        end
      end
    end

    def cleanup_clients_with_ids(expired_connections)
      expired_connections.each do |expired_connection|
        cid = expired_connection[:client_id]

        client_context = @client_lookup[cid]

        diagnostic_data = client_context.to_json unless client_context.nil?
        cleanup_client(client_context.client) unless client_context.nil?

        music_session = nil
        recordingId = nil
        user = nil

        # remove this connection from the database
        ConnectionManager.active_record_transaction do |mgr|
          mgr.delete_connection(cid) { |conn, count, music_session_id, user_id|
            Diagnostic.expired_stale_connection(user_id, diagnostic_data)
            Notification.send_friend_update(user_id, false, conn) if count == 0
            music_session = MusicSession.find_by_id(music_session_id) unless music_session_id.nil?
            user = User.find_by_id(user_id) unless user_id.nil?
            recording =  music_session.stop_recording unless music_session.nil? # stop any ongoing recording, if there is one
            recordingId = recording.id unless recording.nil?
            music_session.with_lock do # VRFS-1297
              music_session.tick_track_changes
            end if music_session
           }
        end

        Notification.send_session_depart(music_session, cid, user, recordingId) unless music_session.nil? || user.nil?
      end
    end

    # removes all resources associated with a client
    def cleanup_client(client)
      @semaphore.synchronize do
        client.close if client.connected?

        pending = client.context.nil? # presence of context implies this connection has been logged into

        if pending
          @log.debug "cleaned up not-logged-in client #{client}"
        else
          @log.debug "cleanup up logged-in client #{client}"
          context = @clients.delete(client)

          if context
            remove_client(client.client_id)
            remove_user(context)
          else
            @log.warn "skipping duplicate cleanup attempt of logged-in client"
          end
        end
      end
    end

    def route(client_msg, client)
      message_type = @message_factory.get_message_type(client_msg)
      if message_type.nil?
        Diagnostic.unknown_message_type(client.user_id, client_msg)
        raise SessionError, "unknown message type received: #{client_msg.type}" if message_type.nil?
      end

      @log.debug("msg received #{message_type}") if client_msg.type != ClientMessage::Type::HEARTBEAT

      if client_msg.route_to.nil?
        Diagnostic.missing_route_to(client.user_id, client_msg)
        raise SessionError, 'client_msg.route_to is null'
      end

      if !client.user_id and client_msg.type != ClientMessage::Type::LOGIN
        # this client has not logged in and is trying to send a non-login message
        raise SessionError, "must 'Login' first"
      end

      if @message_factory.server_directed? client_msg
        handle_server_directed(client_msg, client)

      elsif @message_factory.client_directed? client_msg
        to_client_id = client_msg.route_to[MessageFactory::CLIENT_TARGET_PREFIX.length..-1]
        handle_client_directed(to_client_id, client_msg, client)

      elsif @message_factory.session_directed? client_msg
        session_id = client_msg.target[MessageFactory::SESSION_TARGET_PREFIX.length..-1]
        handle_session_directed(session_id, client_msg, client)

      elsif @message_factory.user_directed? client_msg
        user_id = client_msg.target[MessageFactory::USER_PREFIX_TARGET.length..-1]
        handle_user_directed(user_id, client_msg, client)

      else
        raise SessionError, "client_msg.route_to is unknown type: #{client_msg.route_to}"
      end

    end

    def handle_server_directed(client_msg, client)
      # @log.info("*** handle_server_directed(#{client_msg.inspect}, #{client})")

      if client_msg.type == ClientMessage::Type::LOGIN

        handle_login(client_msg.login, client)

      elsif client_msg.type == ClientMessage::Type::HEARTBEAT
        sane_logging { handle_heartbeat(client_msg.heartbeat, client_msg.message_id, client) }
      else
        raise SessionError, "unknown message type '#{client_msg.type}' for #{client_msg.route_to}-directed message"
      end
    end

    def handle_login(login, client)
      username = login.username if login.value_for_tag(1)
      password = login.password if login.value_for_tag(2)
      token = login.token if login.value_for_tag(3)
      client_id = login.client_id if login.value_for_tag(4)
      reconnect_music_session_id = login.reconnect_music_session_id if login.value_for_tag(5)
      client_type = login.client_type if login.value_for_tag(6)

      @log.info("*** handle_login: token=#{token}; client_id=#{client_id}, client_type=#{client_type}")
      reconnected = false

      # you don't have to supply client_id in login--if you don't, we'll generate one
      if client_id.nil? || client_id.empty?
        # give a unique ID to this client.  This is used to prevent session messages
        # from echoing back to the sender, for instance.
        client_id = UUIDTools::UUID.random_create.to_s
      end

      user = valid_login(username, password, token, client_id)

      # kill any websocket connections that have this same client_id, which can happen in race conditions
      # this code must happen here, before we go any further, so that there is only one websocket connection per client_id
      existing_context = @client_lookup[client_id]
      if existing_context
          # in reconnect scenarios, we may have in memory a client still
        Diagnostic.duplicate_client(existing_context.user, existing_context) if existing_context.client.connected
        cleanup_client(existing_context.client)
      end

      connection = JamRuby::Connection.find_by_client_id(client_id)
      # if this connection is reused by a different user, then whack the connection
      # because it will recreate a new connection lower down
      if connection && user && connection.user != user
          @log.debug("user #{user.email} took client_id #{client_id} from user #{connection.user.email}")
          connection.delete
          connection = nil
      end

      client.client_id = client_id
      client.user_id = user.id if user
      remote_ip = extract_ip(client)

      if user
        @log.debug "user #{user} logged in with client_id #{client_id}"

        # check if there's a connection for the client... if it's stale, reconnect it
        unless connection.nil?
          # FIXME:  I think connection table needs to updated within connection_manager
          # otherwise this would be 1 line of code (connection.connect!)

          music_session_upon_reentry = connection.music_session

          send_depart = false
          recording_id = nil

          ConnectionManager.active_record_transaction do |connection_manager|
            music_session_id, reconnected = connection_manager.reconnect(connection, reconnect_music_session_id, remote_ip)

            if music_session_id.nil?
              # if this is a reclaim of a connection, but music_session_id comes back null, then we need to check if this connection was IN a music session before.
              # if so, then we need to tell the others in the session that this user is now departed
              unless music_session_upon_reentry.nil? || music_session_upon_reentry.destroyed?
                recording = music_session_upon_reentry.stop_recording
                recording_id = recording.id unless recording.nil?
                music_session_upon_reentry.with_lock do # VRFS-1297
                  music_session_upon_reentry.tick_track_changes
                end
                send_depart = true
              end
            else
              music_session = MusicSession.find_by_id(music_session_id)
              Notification.send_musician_session_fresh(music_session, client.client_id, user)
            end

          end

          if send_depart
            Notification.send_session_depart(music_session_upon_reentry, client.client_id, user, recording_id)
          end
        end

        # respond with LOGIN_ACK to let client know it was successful
        @semaphore.synchronize do

          # add a tracker for this user
          context = ClientContext.new(user, client, client_type)
          @clients[client] = context
          add_user(context)
          add_client(client_id, context)

          unless connection
            # log this connection in the database
            ConnectionManager.active_record_transaction do |connection_manager|
              connection_manager.create_connection(user.id, client.client_id, remote_ip, client_type) do |conn, count|
                if count == 1
                  Notification.send_friend_update(user.id, true, conn)
                end
              end
            end
          end

          heartbeat_interval = user.heartbeat_interval_client.to_i || @heartbeat_interval_client
          heartbeat_interval = @heartbeat_interval_client if heartbeat_interval == 0 # protect against bad config
          connection_expire_time = user.connection_expire_time || @connection_expire_time
          connection_expire_time = @connection_expire_time if connection_expire_time == 0 # protect against bad config


          login_ack = @message_factory.login_ack(remote_ip,
                                                 client_id,
                                                 user.remember_token,
                                                 @heartbeat_interval_client,
                                                 connection.try(:music_session_id),
                                                 reconnected,
                                                 user.id,
                                                 @connection_expire_time)
          send_to_client(client, login_ack)
        end
      else
        raise SessionError, 'invalid login'
      end
    end

    def handle_heartbeat(heartbeat, heartbeat_message_id, client)
      unless context = @clients[client]
        @log.warn "*** WARNING:   unable to find context when handling heartbeat. client_id=#{client.client_id}; killing session"
        Diagnostic.missing_client_state(client.user_id, client.context)
        raise SessionError, 'context state is gone. please reconnect.'
      else
        connection = Connection.find_by_user_id_and_client_id(context.user.id, context.client.client_id)
        track_changes_counter = nil
        if connection.nil?
          @log.warn "*** WARNING:  unable to find connection when handling heartbeat. context= #{context}; killing session"
          Diagnostic.missing_connection(client.user_id, client.context)
          raise SessionError, 'connection state is gone. please reconnect.'
        else
          Connection.transaction do
            # send back track_changes_counter if in a session
            if connection.music_session_id
              music_session = MusicSession.select(:track_changes_counter).find_by_id(connection.music_session_id)
              track_changes_counter = music_session.track_changes_counter if music_session
            end

            # update connection updated_at
            connection.touch

            # update user's notification_seen_at field if the heartbeat indicates it saw one
            # first we try to use the notification id, which should usually exist.
            # if not, then fallback to notification_seen_at, which is approximately the last time we saw a notification
            update_notification_seen_at(connection, context, heartbeat)
          end

          ConnectionManager.active_record_transaction do |connection_manager|
            connection_manager.reconnect(connection, connection.music_session_id, nil)
          end if connection.stale?
        end

        heartbeat_ack = @message_factory.heartbeat_ack(track_changes_counter)

        send_to_client(client, heartbeat_ack)

        # send errors to clients in response to heartbeats if rabbitmq is down
        if !@amqp_connection_manager.connected?
          error_msg = @message_factory.server_bad_state_error(heartbeat_message_id, "messaging system down")
          context.sent_bad_state_previously = true
          send_to_client(client, error_msg)
          return
        elsif context.sent_bad_state_previously
          context.sent_bad_state_previously = false
          recovery_msg = @message_factory.server_bad_state_recovered(heartbeat_message_id)
          send_to_client(client, recovery_msg)
        end
      end
    end

    def update_notification_seen_at(connection, context, heartbeat)
      notification_id_field = heartbeat.notification_seen if heartbeat.value_for_tag(1)
      if notification_id_field
        notification = Notification.find_by_id(notification_id_field)
        if notification
          connection.user.notification_seen_at = notification.created_at
          unless connection.user.save(validate: false)
            @log.error "unable to update notification_seen_at via id field for client #{context}.  errors: #{connection.user.errors.inspect}"
          end
        else
          notification_seen_at_parsed = nil
          notification_seen_at = heartbeat.notification_seen_at if heartbeat.value_for_tag(2)
          begin
            notification_seen_at_parsed = Time.parse(notification_seen_at) if notification_seen_at && notification_seen_at.length > 0
          rescue Exception => e
            @log.error "unable to parse notification_seen_at in heartbeat from #{context}.  notification_seen_at: #{notification_seen_at}"
          end

          if notification_seen_at_parsed
            connection.user.notification_seen_at = notification_seen_at
            unless connection.user.save(validate: false)
              @log.error "unable to update notification_seen_at via time field for client #{context}.  errors: #{connection.user.errors.inspect}"
            end
          end
        end
      end
    end

    def valid_login(username, password, token, client_id)

      if !token.nil? && token != ''
        @log.debug "logging in via token"
        # attempt login with token
        user = JamRuby::User.find_by_remember_token(token)

        if user.nil?
          @log.debug "no user found with token #{token}"
          return nil
        else
          @log.debug "#{user} login via token"
          return user
        end

      elsif !username.nil? and !password.nil?

        @log.debug "logging in via user/pass '#{username}' '#{password}'"
        # attempt login with username and password
        user = User.find_by_email(username)

        if !user.nil? && user.valid_password?(password)
          @log.debug "#{user} login via password"
          return user
        else
          @log.debug "#{username} login failure"
          return nil
        end
      else
        raise SessionError, 'no login data was found in Login message'
      end
    end

    def access_music_session(music_session_id, user)
      music_session = MusicSession.find_by_id(music_session_id)

      if music_session.nil?
        raise SessionError, 'specified session not found'
      end

      if !music_session.access? user
        raise SessionError, 'not allowed to join the specified session'
      end

      return music_session
    end

    # client_id = the id of the client being accessed
    # client = the current client
    def access_p2p(client_id, user, msg)

       return nil
      # ping_request and ping_ack messages are special in that they are simply allowed
      if msg.type == ClientMessage::Type::PING_REQUEST || msg.type == ClientMessage::Type::PING_ACK
        return nil
      end

      client_connection = Connection.find_by_client_id(client_id)

      if client_connection.nil?
        raise PermissionError, 'specified client not found'
      end

      if !client_connection.access_p2p? user
        raise SessionError, 'not allowed to message this client'
      end
    end


    def handle_client_directed(to_client_id, client_msg, client)
      context = @clients[client]

      # by not catching any exception here, a PermissionError will be thrown if this isn't valid
      # if for some reason the client is trying to send to a client that it doesn't
      # belong to
      access_p2p(to_client_id, context.user, client_msg)

      if to_client_id.nil? || to_client_id == 'undefined' # javascript translates to 'undefined' in many cases
        raise SessionError, "empty client_id specified in peer-to-peer message"
      end

      # populate routing data
      client_msg.from = client.client_id

      @log.debug "publishing to client #{to_client_id} from client_id #{client.client_id}"

      # put it on the topic exchange for clients
      @clients_exchange.publish(client_msg.to_s, :routing_key => "client.#{to_client_id}", :properties => {:headers => {"client_id" => client.client_id}})
    end

    def handle_user_directed(user_id, client_msg, client)

      @log.debug "publishing to user #{user_id} from client_id #{client.client_id}"

      # put it on the topic exchange for users
      @users_exchange.publish(client_msg.to_s, :routing_key => "user.#{user_id}")
    end

    def handle_session_directed(session_id, client_msg, client)
      context = @clients[client]

      user_publish_to_session(session_id, context.user, client_msg, :client_id => client.client_id)
    end

    # sends a message to a session on behalf of a user
    # if this is originating in the context of a client, it should be specified as :client_id => "value"
    # client_msg should be a well-structure message (jam-pb message)
    def user_publish_to_session(music_session_id, user, client_msg, sender = {:client_id => ""})
      music_session = access_music_session(music_session_id, user)

      # gather up client_ids in the session
      client_ids = music_session.music_session_clients.map { |client| client.client_id }.reject { |client_id| client_id == sender[:client_id] }

      publish_to_session(music_session.id, client_ids, client_msg.to_s, sender)
    end


    # sends a message to a session with no checking of permissions
    # this method deliberately has no database interactivity/active_record objects
    def publish_to_session(music_session_id, client_ids, client_msg, sender = {:client_id => ""})

      EM.schedule do
        sender_client_id = sender[:client_id]

        # iterate over each person in the session, and send a p2p message
        client_ids.each do |client_id|

          @@log.debug "publishing to session:#{music_session_id} client:#{client_id} from client:#{sender_client_id}"
          # put it on the topic exchange3 for clients
          self.class.client_exchange.publish(client_msg, :routing_key => "client.#{client_id}")
        end
      end
    end

    def extract_ip(client)
      return Socket.unpack_sockaddr_in(client.get_peername)[1]
    end

    private

    def sane_logging(&blk)
      # used around repeated transactions that cause too much ActiveRecord::Base logging
      begin
        original_level = @ar_base_logger.level
        @ar_base_logger.level = :info if @ar_base_logger
        blk.call
      ensure
        @ar_base_logger.level = original_level if @ar_base_logger
      end
    end
  end
end