require 'set'
require 'amqp'
require 'thread'
require 'json'
require 'eventmachine'

include Jampb

# add new field to client connection
module EventMachine
  module WebSocket
    class Connection < EventMachine::Connection
      attr_accessor :encode_json, :channel_id, :client_id, :user_id, :context, :trusted, :subscriptions, :x_forwarded_for, :query, :is_jamblaster # client_id is uuid we give to each client to track them as we like
    end
  end
end

module JamWebsockets

  class Router

    attr_accessor :user_context_lookup,
                  :amqp_connection_manager,
                  :heartbeat_interval_client,
                  :connect_time_expire_client,
                  :connect_time_stale_client,
                  :heartbeat_interval_browser,
                  :connect_time_expire_browser,
                  :connect_time_stale_browser,
                  :maximum_minutely_heartbeat_rate_browser,
                  :maximum_minutely_heartbeat_rate_client,
                  :max_connections_per_user,
                  :gateway_name,
                  :client_lookup,
                  :time_it_sums,
                  :profile_it_sums,
                  :highest_drift,
                  :heartbeat_tracker
    :temp_ban


    def initialize()
      @log = Logging.logger[self]
      @clients = {} # clients that have logged in
      @user_context_lookup = {} # lookup a set of client_contexts by user_id
      @client_lookup = {} # lookup a client by client_id
      @subscription_lookup = {}
      @amqp_connection_manager = nil
      @users_exchange = nil
      @message_factory = JamRuby::MessageFactory.new
      @semaphore = Mutex.new
      @user_topic = nil
      @client_topic = nil
      @subscription_topic = nil
      @thread_pool = nil
      @heartbeat_interval_client = nil
      @connect_time_expire_client = nil
      @connect_time_stale_client = nil
      @heartbeat_interval_browser= nil
      @connect_time_expire_browser= nil
      @connect_time_stale_browser= nil
      @maximum_minutely_heartbeat_rate_browser = nil
      @maximum_minutely_heartbeat_rate_client = nil
      @gateway_name = nil
      @stored_ars = nil
      @stored_ars_beta = nil
      @ar_base_logger = ::Logging::Repository.instance[ActiveRecord::Base]
      @message_stats = {}
      @time_it_sums = {}
      @profile_it_sums = {}
      @heartbeat_tracker = {}
      @temp_ban = {}
      @chat_enabled = true
      @chat_blast = true

      @login_success_count = 0
      @login_fail_count = 0
      @connected_count = 0
      @disconnected_count = 0
      @user_message_counts = {}
      @largest_message = nil
      @largest_message_user = nil
      @highest_drift = 0

      @pending_notification_seen_ats = {}
      @semaphore_pnsa = Mutex.new

      @pending_deletions = {}
      @semaphore_deletions = Mutex.new

    end

    def init
      wipe_all_connections

      # this thread runs forever while WSG runs, and should do anything easily gotten out of critical message handling path
      @background_thread = Thread.new {
        client_check_count = 0
        user_last_seen_count = 0

        while true

          begin
            periodical_check_connections
            periodical_notification_seen

            if client_check_count == 30
              periodical_check_clients
              client_check_count = 0
            end
            client_check_count = client_check_count + 1

            if user_last_seen_count == 120
              periodical_update_user_last_seen
              user_last_seen_count = 0
            end
            user_last_seen_count = user_last_seen_count + 1

          rescue => e
            @log.error "unhandled error in thread #{e}"
            @log.error "stacktrace #{e.backtrace}"
          end
          sleep 1
        end
      }
    end 

    def start(connect_time_stale_client, connect_time_expire_client, connect_time_stale_browser, connect_time_expire_browser, options={:host => "localhost", :port => 5672, :max_connections_per_user => 10, :gateway => 'default', :allow_dynamic_registration => true, :chat_enabled => true, :chat_blast => true}, &block)

      @log.info "startup"

      @heartbeat_interval_client = connect_time_stale_client / 2
      @connect_time_stale_client = connect_time_stale_client
      @connect_time_expire_client = connect_time_expire_client
      @heartbeat_interval_browser = connect_time_stale_browser / 2
      @connect_time_stale_browser = connect_time_stale_browser
      @connect_time_expire_browser = connect_time_expire_browser
      @max_connections_per_user = options[:max_connections_per_user]
      @gateway_name = options[:gateway]
      @allow_dynamic_registration = options[:allow_dynamic_registration]
      @chat_enabled = options[:chat_enabled]
      @chat_blast = options[:chat_blast]

      # determine the maximum amount of heartbeats we should get per user
      @maximum_minutely_heartbeat_rate_client = ((@heartbeat_interval_client / 60.0) * 2).ceil + 3
      @maximum_minutely_heartbeat_rate_browser = ((@heartbeat_interval_browser / 60.0) * 2).ceil + 3

      @log.info("maxmium minutely timer #{maximum_minutely_heartbeat_rate_client}")
      begin
        @amqp_connection_manager = AmqpConnectionManager.new(true, 4, :host => options[:host], :port => options[:port])
        @amqp_connection_manager.connect do |channel|
          register_topics(channel)
          block.call
        end

      rescue => e
        @log.error "unable to initialize #{e.to_s}"
        cleanup
        raise e
      end

      @log.info "started"
    end

    def add_client(client_id, client_context)
      @log.debug "adding client #{client_id} to @client_lookup"
      @client_lookup[client_id] = client_context
    end

    def remove_client(client_id)
      deleted = @client_lookup.delete(client_id)

      if deleted.nil?
        @log.warn "unable to delete #{client_id} from client_lookup because it's already gone"
      else
        @log.debug "cleaned up @client_lookup for #{client_id}"
      end

    end

    def add_user(context)
      user_contexts = @user_context_lookup[context.user.id]
      if user_contexts.nil?
        user_contexts = Hash.new
        @user_context_lookup[context.user.id] = user_contexts
      end

      user_contexts[context.client] = context
    end

    def remove_user(client_context)
      if client_context.user
        user_contexts = @user_context_lookup[client_context.user.id]

        if user_contexts.nil?
          @log.warn "user can not be removed #{client_context}"
        else
          # delete the context from set of user contexts
          user_contexts.delete(client_context.client)

          # if last user context, delete entire set (memory leak concern)
          if user_contexts.length == 0
            @user_context_lookup.delete(client_context.user.id)
          end
        end
      end
    end

    # register topic for user messages and session messages
    def register_topics(channel)

      ######################## USER MESSAGING ###########################

      # create user exchange
      @users_exchange = channel.topic('users')
      # create user messaging topic
      @user_topic = channel.queue("", :auto_delete => true)
      @user_topic.bind(@users_exchange, :routing_key => "user.#")
      @user_topic.purge

      # subscribe for any messages to users
      @user_topic.subscribe(:ack => false) do |headers, msg|
        time_it('user_topic') {
          begin
            routing_key = headers.routing_key
            user_id = routing_key["user.".length..-1]

            @semaphore.synchronize do
              contexts = @user_context_lookup[user_id]

              if !contexts.nil?

                @log.debug "received user-directed message for user: #{user_id}"

                msg = Jampb::ClientMessage.parse(msg)

                contexts.each do |client_id, context|
                  EM.schedule do
                    @log.debug "sending user message to #{context}"
                    send_to_client(context.client, msg)
                  end
                end
              else
                #@log.debug "Can't route message: no user connected with id #{user_id}" # too chatty
              end
            end

          rescue => e
            @log.error "unhandled error in messaging to client"
            @log.error e
          end
        }
      end

      MQRouter.user_exchange = @users_exchange

      ############## CLIENT MESSAGING ###################

      @clients_exchange = channel.topic('clients')

      @client_topic = channel.queue("", :auto_delete => true)
      @client_topic.bind(@clients_exchange, :routing_key => "client.#")
      @client_topic.purge

      # subscribe for any p2p messages to a client
      @client_topic.subscribe(:ack => false) do |headers, msg|
        time_it('p2p_topic') {
          begin
            routing_key = headers.routing_key
            client_id = routing_key["client.".length..-1]
            @semaphore.synchronize do

              if client_id == MessageFactory::ALL_NATIVE_CLIENTS

                msg = Jampb::ClientMessage.parse(msg)
                @log.debug "client-directed message received from #{msg.from} to all clients"
                @client_lookup.each do |client_id, client_context|
                  if client_context.client_type == JamRuby::Connection::TYPE_CLIENT
                    client = client_context.client

                    if client
                      EM.schedule do
                        @log.debug "sending client-directed down websocket to #{client_id}"
                        send_to_client(client, msg)
                      end
                    end
                  end
                end
              elsif client_id == MessageFactory::ALL_ACTIVE_CLIENTS
                if @chat_enabled
                  msg = Jampb::ClientMessage.parse(msg)
                  @log.debug "client-directed message received from #{msg.from} to all chat clients"
                  @client_lookup.each do |client_id, client_context|
                    if @chat_blast || client_context.active
                      client = client_context.client
                      user = client_context.user

                      # disable global chat for schoolers for now
                      if client && user && user.school_id.nil?
                        EM.schedule do
                          #@log.debug "sending client-directed down websocket to #{client_id}"
                          send_to_client(client, msg)
                        end
                      end
                    end
                  end
                end
              else
                client_context = @client_lookup[client_id]

                if client_context

                  client = client_context.client

                  msg = Jampb::ClientMessage.parse(msg)

                  @log.debug "client-directed message received from #{msg.from} to client #{client_id}" unless msg.type == ClientMessage::Type::PEER_MESSAGE

                  unless client.nil?

                    EM.schedule do
                      @log.debug "sending client-directed down websocket to #{client_id}" unless msg.type == ClientMessage::Type::PEER_MESSAGE
                      send_to_client(client, msg)
                    end
                  else
                    @log.debug "client-directed message unroutable to disconnected client #{client_id}"
                  end
                else
                  #@log.debug "Can't route message: no client connected with id #{client_id}"  this happens all the time in multi-websocket scenarios
                end
              end

            end
          rescue => e
            @log.error "unhandled error in messaging to client"
            @log.error e
          end
        }
      end

      MQRouter.client_exchange = @clients_exchange

      ############## DYNAMIC SUBSCRIPTION MESSAGING ###################

      @subscriptions_exchange = channel.topic('subscriptions')
      @subscription_topic = channel.queue("subscriptions-#{@gateway_name}", :auto_delete => true)
      @subscription_topic.purge

      # subscribe for any p2p messages to a client
      @subscription_topic.subscribe(:ack => false) do |headers, msg|
        time_it('subscribe_topic') {
          begin
            routing_key = headers.routing_key
            type_and_id = routing_key["subscription.".length..-1]
            #type, id = type_and_id.split('.')

            @semaphore.synchronize do

              clients = @subscription_lookup[type_and_id]

              msg = Jampb::ClientMessage.parse(msg)

              if clients
                EM.schedule do
                  clients.each do |client|
                    @log.debug "subscription msg to client #{client.client_id}"
                    send_to_client(client, msg)
                  end
                end
              end
            end
          rescue => e
            @log.error "unhandled error in messaging to client for mount"
            @log.error e
          end
        }
      end

      MQRouter.subscription_exchange = @subscriptions_exchange
    end

    # listens on a subscription topic on the behalf of a client
    def register_subscription(client, type, id)
      # track subscriptions that this client has made, for disconnect scenarios
      client.subscriptions.add({type: type, id: id})

      key = "#{type}.#{id}"

      # for a given type:id in @subscription_lookup, track clients listening
      clients = @subscription_lookup[key]
      if clients.nil?
        clients = Set.new
        @subscription_lookup[key] = clients
      end

      needs_subscription = clients.length == 0

      clients.add(client)

      @log.debug("register subscription handled #{type}.#{id}")
      if needs_subscription
        routing_key = "subscription.#{type}.#{id}"
        @log.debug("register topic bound #{routing_key}")
        # if this is the 1st client to listen for this mount, then subscribe to the topic for this mount_id
        @subscription_topic.bind(@subscriptions_exchange, :routing_key => routing_key)
      end
    end

    # de-listens on a subscription topic on the behalf of a client
    # called automatically when a clean disconnects, to keep state clean.
    def unregister_subscription(client, type, id)
      # remove subscription from this client's list of subscriptions
      client.subscriptions.delete({type: type, id: id})

      key = "#{type}.#{id}"
      # for a given mount_id in @subscription_lookup, remove from list of clients listening
      clients = @subscription_lookup[key]
      if clients
        deleted = clients.delete(client)
        if !deleted
          @log.error "unregister_subscription: unable to locate any client #{client.client_id} for id #{id}"
        end
      else
        @log.error "unregister_subscription: unable to locate any clients for id #{id}"
      end

      if clients.length == 0
        # if there are no more clients listening, then unsubscribe to the topic for this mount_id
        routing_key = "subscription.#{type}.#{id}"
        @log.debug("unregister dynamic topic #{routing_key}")
        @subscription_topic.unbind(@subscriptions_exchange, :routing_key => routing_key)
      end
    end

    # this method allows you to translate exceptions into websocket channel messages and behavior safely.
    # pass in your block, throw an error in your logic, and have the right things happen on the websocket channel
    def websocket_comm(client, original_message_id, &blk)
      begin
        blk.call
      rescue SessionError => e
        @log.info "ending client session deliberately due to malformed client behavior. reason=#{e}"
        begin
          # wrap the message up and send it down
          error_msg = @message_factory.server_rejection_error(e.to_s, e.error_code)
          send_to_client(client, error_msg)
        ensure
          cleanup_client(client)
        end
      rescue JamPermissionError => e
        @log.info "permission error.  reason=#{e.to_s}"
        @log.info e

        # wrap the message up and send it down
        error_msg = @message_factory.server_permission_error(original_message_id, e.to_s)
        send_to_client(client, error_msg)
      rescue => e
        @log.error "ending client session due to server programming or runtime error. reason=#{e.to_s}"
        @log.error e

        if DbUtil.bad_conn_exception?(e)
          # indicates connection to server is down; kill self.  Will be restarted; if db is up we will be healthy
          @log.error "EXITING DUE TO DEAD DBCONN: #{e}"
          Kernel.exit!(1)
        end

        begin
          # wrap the message up and send it down
          error_msg = @message_factory.server_generic_error(e.to_s)
          send_to_client(client, error_msg)
        ensure
          cleanup_client(client)
        end
      end
    end

    def new_client(client, is_trusted)
      # default to using json instead of pb
      client.encode_json = true
      client.trusted = is_trusted

      client.onopen { |handshake|

        time_it('onopen') {
          stats_connected

          # a unique ID for this TCP connection, to aid in debugging
          client.channel_id = handshake.query["channel_id"]

          @log.debug "client connected #{client} with channel_id: #{client.channel_id} Original-IP: #{handshake.headers["X-Forwarded-For"]}"


          # check for '?pb' or '?pb=true' in url query parameters
          query_pb = handshake.query["pb"]

          if !query_pb.nil? && (query_pb == "" || query_pb == "true")
            client.encode_json = false
          end

          websocket_comm(client, nil) do
            client.x_forwarded_for = handshake.headers["X-Forwarded-For"]
            client.query = handshake.query
            handle_login(client, client.query, client.x_forwarded_for)
          end
        }
      }

      client.onclose {
        time_it('onclose') {
          @log.debug "connection closed. marking stale: #{client.context}"
          #cleanup_client(client)
          cleanup_client_with_id(client.client_id)
        }
      }

      client.onerror { |error|
        if error.kind_of?(EM::WebSocket::WebSocketError)
          @log.error "websockets error: #{error}"
        else
          @log.error "generic error: #{error} #{error.backtrace}"
        end
      }

      client.onmessage { |data|

        # TODO: set a max message size before we put it through PB?
        # TODO: rate limit?

        msg = nil

        if @largest_message.nil? || data.length > @largest_message.length
          @largest_message = data
          @largest_message_user = client.user_id
        end


        # extract the message safely
        websocket_comm(client, nil) do
          if client.encode_json
            json = JSON.parse(data)
            msg = Jampb::ClientMessage.json_create(json)
          else
            msg = Jampb::ClientMessage.parse(data.to_s)
          end
        end

        # then route it internally
        websocket_comm(client, msg.message_id) do
          self.route(msg, client)
        end
      }
    end


    def send_to_client(client, msg)
      @log.debug "SEND TO CLIENT (#{@message_factory.get_message_type(msg)})" unless msg.type == ClientMessage::Type::HEARTBEAT_ACK || msg.type == ClientMessage::Type::PEER_MESSAGE
      if client.encode_json
        client.send(msg.to_json.to_s)
      else
        # this is so odd that this is necessary from an API perspective.  but searching through the source code... it's all I could find in em-websocket for allowing a binary message to be sent
        client.instance_variable_get(:@handler).send_frame(:binary, msg.to_s)
      end
    end

    def cleanup()
      # shutdown topic listeners and mq connection

      unless @amqp_connection_manager.nil?
        @amqp_connection_manager.disconnect
      end

      # tear down each individual client
      @clients.each do |client, context|
        cleanup_client(client)
      end
    end

    def stop
      @log.info "shutdown"
      cleanup
    end

    # caused a client connection to be marked stale
    # def stale_client(client)
    #   if client.client_id
    #     @log.info "marking client stale: #{client.context}"
    #     ConnectionManager.active_record_transaction do |connection_manager|
    #       music_session_id = connection_manager.flag_connection_stale_with_client_id(client.client_id)
    #       # update the session members, letting them know this client went stale
    #       context = @client_lookup[client.client_id]
    #       if music_session = ActiveMusicSession.find_by_id(music_session_id)
    #         Notification.send_musician_session_stale(music_session, client.client_id, context.user)
    #       end unless music_session_id.nil?
    #     end
    #   end
    # end

    def route(client_msg, client)
      message_type = @message_factory.get_message_type(client_msg)
      if message_type.nil?
        Diagnostic.unknown_message_type(client.user_id, client_msg)
        raise SessionError, "unknown message type received: #{client_msg.type}" if message_type.nil?
      end

      @message_stats[message_type] = @message_stats[message_type].to_i + 1

      @log.debug("msg received #{message_type}") if client_msg.type != ClientMessage::Type::HEARTBEAT && client_msg.type != ClientMessage::Type::HEARTBEAT_ACK && client_msg.type != ClientMessage::Type::PEER_MESSAGE

      if client_msg.route_to.nil?
        Diagnostic.missing_route_to(client.user_id, client_msg)
        raise SessionError, 'client_msg.route_to is null'
      end

      if !client.user_id && (client_msg.type != ClientMessage::Type::LOGIN && client_msg.type != ClientMessage::Type::HEARTBEAT && client_msg.type != ClientMessage::Type::LOGOUT)
        # this client has not logged in and is trying to send a non-login message

        if client.is_jamblaster
          # send message back to client intsead of doing nothing?
          @log.debug("jamblaster sent message #{message_type} at wrong time")
          send_to_client(client, @message_factory.diagnostic("message type #{message_type} ignored because no log in"))
        else
          raise SessionError, "must 'Login' first"
        end

      end

      if @message_factory.server_directed? client_msg
        handle_server_directed(client_msg, client)

      elsif @message_factory.client_directed? client_msg
        to_client_id = client_msg.route_to[MessageFactory::CLIENT_TARGET_PREFIX.length..-1]
        time_it('client_directed') { handle_client_directed(to_client_id, client_msg, client) }

      elsif @message_factory.session_directed? client_msg
        session_id = client_msg.target[MessageFactory::SESSION_TARGET_PREFIX.length..-1]
        time_it('session_directed') { handle_session_directed(session_id, client_msg, client) }

      elsif @message_factory.user_directed? client_msg
        user_id = client_msg.target[MessageFactory::USER_PREFIX_TARGET.length..-1]
        time_it('user_directed') { handle_user_directed(user_id, client_msg, client) }

      else
        raise SessionError, "client_msg.route_to is unknown type: #{client_msg.route_to}"
      end

    end

    def handle_server_directed(client_msg, client)
      # @log.info("*** handle_server_directed(#{client_msg.inspect}, #{client})")

      if client_msg.type == ClientMessage::Type::LOGIN
        # this is curently only a jamblaster path
        client.query["token"] = client_msg.login.token
        client.query["username"] = client_msg.login.username
        client.query["password"] = client_msg.login.password
        time_it('login') { handle_login(client, client.query, client.x_forwarded_for, false) }
      elsif client_msg.type == ClientMessage::Type::LOGOUT
        # this is currently only a jamblaster path
        time_it('login') { handle_logout(client) }
      elsif client_msg.type == ClientMessage::Type::HEARTBEAT
        time_it('heartbeat') { sane_logging { handle_heartbeat(client_msg.heartbeat, client_msg.message_id, client) } }
      elsif client_msg.type == ClientMessage::Type::USER_STATUS
        time_it('user_status') { sane_logging { handle_user_status(client_msg.user_status, client) } }
      elsif client_msg.type == ClientMessage::Type::SUBSCRIBE_BULK
        time_it('subscribe_bulk') { sane_logging { handle_bulk_subscribe(client_msg.subscribe_bulk, client) } }
      elsif client_msg.type == ClientMessage::Type::SUBSCRIBE
        time_it('subscribe') { sane_logging { handle_subscribe(client_msg.subscribe, client) } }
      elsif client_msg.type == ClientMessage::Type::UNSUBSCRIBE
        time_it('unsubscribe') { sane_logging { handle_unsubscribe(client_msg.unsubscribe, client) } }
      else
        raise SessionError, "unknown message type '#{client_msg.type}' for #{client_msg.route_to}-directed message"
      end
    end

    # returns heartbeat_interval, connection stale time, and connection expire time
    def determine_connection_times(user, client_type)

      if client_type == Connection::TYPE_BROWSER
        default_heartbeat = @heartbeat_interval_browser
        default_stale = @connect_time_stale_browser
        default_expire = @connect_time_expire_browser
      else
        default_heartbeat = @heartbeat_interval_client
        default_stale = @connect_time_stale_client
        default_expire = @connect_time_expire_client
      end

      heartbeat_interval = (user && user.heartbeat_interval_client) || default_heartbeat
      heartbeat_interval = heartbeat_interval.to_i
      heartbeat_interval = default_heartbeat if heartbeat_interval == 0 # protect against bad config
      connection_expire_time = (user && user.connection_expire_time_client) || default_expire
      connection_expire_time = connection_expire_time.to_i
      connection_expire_time = default_expire if connection_expire_time == 0 # protect against bad config
      connection_stale_time = default_stale # no user override exists for this; not a very meaningful time right now

      if heartbeat_interval >= connection_stale_time
        raise SessionError, "misconfiguration! heartbeat_interval (#{heartbeat_interval}) should be less than stale time (#{connection_stale_time})"
      end
      if connection_stale_time >= connection_expire_time
        raise SessionError, "misconfiguration! stale time (#{connection_stale_time}) should be less than expire time (#{connection_expire_time})"
      end

      [heartbeat_interval, connection_stale_time, connection_expire_time]
    end

    def add_tracker(user, client, client_type, client_id)
      # add a tracker for this user
      context = @clients[client]
      if context
        context.user = user
        add_user(context) if user
      else
        context = ClientContext.new(user, client, client_type)
        @clients[client] = context
        add_user(context) if user
        add_client(client_id, context)
      end
      context
    end

    def handle_latency_tester_login(client_id, client_type, client, override_ip, client_id_int)

      # respond with LOGIN_ACK to let client know it was successful
      remote_ip = extract_ip(client, override_ip)
      heartbeat_interval, connection_stale_time, connection_expire_time = determine_connection_times(nil, client_type)
      latency_tester = LatencyTester.connect({
                                                 client_id: client_id,
                                                 channel_id: client.channel_id,
                                                 ip_address: remote_ip,
                                                 connection_stale_time: connection_stale_time,
                                                 connection_expire_time: connection_expire_time,
                                                 gateway: @gateway_name
                                             })
      if latency_tester.errors.any?
        @log.warn "unable to log in latency_tester with errors: #{latency_tester.errors.inspect}"
        stats_logged_in_failed
        raise SessionError, "invalid login: #{latency_tester.errors.inspect}"
      end

      client.client_id = client_id
      client.user_id = latency_tester.id if latency_tester


      @semaphore.synchronize do

        context = add_tracker(latency_tester, client, client_type, client_id)

        @log.debug "logged in context created: #{context}"

        login_ack = @message_factory.login_ack(remote_ip,
                                               client_id,
                                               nil,
                                               heartbeat_interval,
                                               nil,
                                               false,
                                               latency_tester.id,
                                               connection_expire_time,
                                               "latency_tester",
                                               client_id_int)
        stats_logged_in
        send_to_client(client, login_ack)
      end
    end

    def handle_logout(client)
      connection = Connection.find_by_client_id(client.client_id)

      if connection
        connection.delete
      end

      client.user_id = nil
      context = client.context
      if context
        @log.debug("will remove context with user: #{context.user}")
        remove_user(context)
        context.user = nil
      end

      logout_ack = @message_factory.logout_ack()

      send_to_client(client, logout_ack)
    end

    def ars_list(beta)
      if beta
        @stored_ars_beta
      else
        @stored_ars
      end
    end

    def handle_login(client, options, override_ip = nil, connecting = true)
      puts("====handle_login====", options)
      username = options["username"]
      password = options["password"]
      token = options["token"]
      client_id = options["client_id"]
      reconnect_music_session_id = options["music_session_id"]
      client_type = options["client_type"]
      machine_fingerprint = options["machine"]
      os = options["os"]
      product = options["product"].nil? ? JamRuby::ArtifactUpdate::CLIENT_PREFIX : options['
product']
      udp_reachable = options["udp_reachable"].nil? ? true : options["udp_reachable"] == 'true'
      jamblaster_serial_no = options["jamblaster_serial_no"]
      ipv4_link_local = options["ipv4_link_local"]
      ipv6_link_local = options["ipv6_link_local"]
      client_id_int = options["client_id_int"]

      # it's nice to have client_ids not flap in the wind, and we can do that with jamblasters
      if jamblaster_serial_no && client_id.nil?
        client_id = jamblaster_serial_no
      end
      # TESTING
      #if jamblaster_serial_no.nil?
      #  jamblaster_serial_no = 'hi'
      #end

      client.subscriptions = Set.new # list of subscriptions that this client is watching in real-time

      serial_no_debug = jamblaster_serial_no ? "serial_no=#{jamblaster_serial_no}" : ''
      @log.info("handle_login: type=#{client_type} username=#{username} password=#{password ? '*' : 'null' } token=#{token} client_id=#{client_id} client_id_int=#{client_id_int} channel_id=#{client.channel_id} udp_reachable=#{udp_reachable} #{serial_no_debug}")
      if client_type == Connection::TYPE_LATENCY_TESTER
        handle_latency_tester_login(client_id, client_type, client, override_ip, client_id_int)
        return
      end

      reconnected = false

      if connecting
        # you don't have to supply client_id in login--if you don't, we'll generate one
        if client_id.nil? || client_id.empty?
          # give a unique ID to this client.
          client_id = UUIDTools::UUID.random_create.to_s
        end
      else
        # client_id's don't change per websocket connection; so use the one from memeory
        client_id = client.client_id
      end


      # we have to deal with jamblaster before login
      if jamblaster_serial_no && jamblaster_serial_no != ''
        jamblaster = Jamblaster.bootstrap(jamblaster_serial_no)
        if jamblaster
          client.is_jamblaster = true
        end
        if jamblaster && connecting
          jamblaster.client_id = client_id
          jamblaster.ipv4_link_local = ipv4_link_local
          jamblaster.ipv6_link_local = ipv6_link_local
          jamblaster.save
        end
      end

      user = valid_login(username, password, token, client_id, jamblaster)

      # protect against this user swamping the server
      if user && Connection.where(user_id: user.id).count >= @max_connections_per_user
        @log.warn "user #{user.id}/#{user.email} unable to connect due to max_connections_per_user #{@max_connections_per_user}"
        stats_logged_in_failed
        raise SessionError, 'max_user_connections', 'max_user_connections'
      end

      if connecting
        # XXX This logic needs to instead be handled by a broadcast out to all websockets indicating dup
        # kill any websocket connections that have this same client_id, which can happen in race conditions
        # this code must happen here, before we go any further, so that there is only one websocket connection per client_id
        existing_context = @client_lookup[client_id]
        if existing_context
          # in some reconnect scenarios, we may have in memory a websocket client still.
          # let's whack it, and tell the other client, if still connected, that this is a duplicate login attempt
          @log.info "duplicate client: #{existing_context}"
          Diagnostic.duplicate_client(existing_context.user, existing_context)
          error_msg = @message_factory.server_duplicate_client_error
          send_to_client(existing_context.client, error_msg)
          cleanup_client(existing_context.client)
        end
      end


      connection = Connection.find_by_client_id(client_id)
      # if this connection is reused by a different user (possible in logout/login scenarios), then whack the connection
      # because it will recreate a new connection lower down
      if connection && connection.user != user
        keep = false
        if user
          if connection.user.nil?
            keep = true
            @log.debug("user #{user.email} logged into #{client_id}")
            connection.user = user
            connection.save
          else
            @log.debug("user #{user.email} took client_id #{client_id} from user #{connection.user.email}")
          end
        else
          @log.debug("user-less connection #{client_id} took from user #{connection.user.email}")
        end

        if !keep
          connection.delete
          connection = nil
        end
      end

      client.client_id = client_id
      client.user_id = user.id if user
      remote_ip = extract_ip(client, override_ip)

      if user

        heartbeat_interval, connection_stale_time, connection_expire_time = determine_connection_times(user, client_type)

        @log.debug "logged in #{user} with client_id: #{client_id} and fingerprint #{machine_fingerprint}"

        # track fingerprint
        if machine_fingerprint && user.client_fingerprint != machine_fingerprint
          user.update_attribute(:client_fingerprint, machine_fingerprint)
        end

        # check if there's a connection for the client... if it's stale, reconnect it
        if !connection.nil? && connecting
          # FIXME:  I think connection table needs to updated within connection_manager
          # otherwise this would be 1 line of code (connection.connect!)

          music_session_upon_reentry = connection.music_session

          send_depart = false
          recording_id = nil

          ConnectionManager.active_record_transaction do |connection_manager|
            music_session_id, reconnected = connection_manager.reconnect(connection, client.channel_id, reconnect_music_session_id, remote_ip, connection_stale_time, connection_expire_time, udp_reachable, @gateway_name)

            if music_session_id.nil?
              # if this is a reclaim of a connection, but music_session_id comes back null, then we need to check if this connection was IN a music session before.
              # if so, then we need to tell the others in the session that this user is now departed


              unless music_session_upon_reentry.nil? || music_session_upon_reentry.destroyed?

                if music_session_upon_reentry.backing_track_initiator == user
                  music_session_upon_reentry.close_backing_track
                end

                # if a jamtrack is open and this user is no longer in the session, close it
                if music_session_upon_reentry.jam_track_initiator == user
                  music_session_upon_reentry.close_jam_track
                end

                # if a recording is open and this user is no longer in the session, close it
                if music_session_upon_reentry.claimed_recording_initiator == user
                  music_session_upon_reentry.claimed_recording_stop
                end

                # handle case that a recording was ongoing - any one leaves, we stop it
                recording = music_session_upon_reentry.stop_recording
                unless recording.nil?
                  @log.debug "stopped recording: #{recording.id} because user #{user} reconnected"
                  recording.discard_if_no_action(user) # throw away this users vote for the
                  recording_id = recording.id unless recording.nil?
                end

                # if the user was in a recording during the finializing phase (after stopped, but keep/discard still required in recordingFinishedDialog)
                # then throw away the user's
                most_recent_recording = music_session_upon_reentry.most_recent_recording
                if most_recent_recording && most_recent_recording.users.exists?(user)
                  @log.debug "disarded user's vote for recording: #{most_recent_recording.id} because user #{user} reconnected"
                  # if this user was in the most recent recording associated with the session they were just in, discard any tracks they had
                  most_recent_recording.discard_if_no_action(user) # throw away this users vote for the
                end

                music_session_upon_reentry.with_lock do # VRFS-1297
                  music_session_upon_reentry.tick_track_changes
                end
                send_depart = true
              end
            else
              music_session = ActiveMusicSession.find_by_id(music_session_id)
              Notification.send_musician_session_fresh(music_session, client.client_id, user)
            end

          end

          if send_depart
            Notification.send_session_depart(music_session_upon_reentry, client.client_id, user, recording_id)
          end
        end

        # respond with LOGIN_ACK to let client know it was successful
        # add a tracker for this user
        context = add_tracker(user, client, client_type, client_id)

        @log.debug "logged in context created: #{context}"

        if !connection
          # log this connection in the database
          ConnectionManager.active_record_transaction do |connection_manager|
            connection_manager.create_connection(user.id, client.client_id, client.channel_id, remote_ip, client_type, connection_stale_time, connection_expire_time, udp_reachable, @gateway_name, jamblaster ? true : false) do |conn, count|
              connection = Connection.find_by_client_id(client.client_id)
              user.update_addr_loc(connection, User::JAM_REASON_LOGIN)
              if count == 1
                Notification.send_friend_update(user.id, true, conn)
              end
            end
          end
        end
        
        puts "========================="
        puts "O/S = #{os}"
        puts "========================="
        # if we have OS data, try to grab client update data and let the client have it
        update = ArtifactUpdate.find_client_by_os(product, os) if client_type == Connection::TYPE_CLIENT && os

        client_update = update.update_data if update

        arses = ars_list(user.beta)

        login_ack = @message_factory.login_ack(remote_ip,
                                               client_id,
                                               user.remember_token,
                                               heartbeat_interval,
                                               connection.try(:music_session_id),
                                               reconnected,
                                               user.id,
                                               connection_expire_time,
                                               user.name,
                                               connection.client_id_int,
                                               client_update,
                                               arses,
                                               user.subscription_rules(false),
                                               @stored_policy)
        stats_logged_in
        send_to_client(client, login_ack)

      elsif jamblaster
        # if no user, but we have a jamblaster, we can allow this session to go through
        heartbeat_interval, connection_stale_time, connection_expire_time = determine_connection_times(nil, client_type)

        @log.debug "logged in jb::#{jamblaster.serial_no} with client_id: #{client_id}"

        # check if there's a connection for the client... if it's stale, reconnect it
        if !connection.nil?
          ConnectionManager.active_record_transaction do |connection_manager|
            music_session_id, reconnected = connection_manager.reconnect(connection, client.channel_id, reconnect_music_session_id, remote_ip, connection_stale_time, connection_expire_time, udp_reachable, @gateway_name)
          end
        end

        # add a tracker for this user
        context = add_tracker(user, client, client_type, client_id)

        @log.debug "logged in context created: #{context}"

        if !connection
          # log this connection in the database
          ConnectionManager.active_record_transaction do |connection_manager|
            connection_manager.create_connection(nil, client.client_id, client.channel_id, remote_ip, client_type, connection_stale_time, connection_expire_time, udp_reachable, @gateway_name, jamblaster ? true : false) do |conn, count|
              # this blk is not call
            end
          end
        end
        # if we have OS data, try to grab client update data and let the client have it
        update = ArtifactUpdate.find_client_by_os(product, os) if client_type == Connection::TYPE_CLIENT && os

        client_update = update.update_data if update

        connect_ack = @message_factory.connect_ack(remote_ip,
                                                   client_id,
                                                   heartbeat_interval,
                                                   connection_expire_time,
                                                   client_update)
        stats_logged_in
        send_to_client(client, connect_ack)
      else
        stats_logged_in_failed
        raise SessionError.new('invalid login', 'invalid_login')
      end
    end

    def handle_bulk_subscribe(subscriptions, client)

      subscriptions.types.each_with_index do |subscription, i|
        handle_subscribe(OpenStruct.new({type: subscriptions.types[i], id: subscriptions.ids[i]}), client)
      end
    end

    def handle_subscribe(subscribe, client)
      id = subscribe.id
      type = subscribe.type
      if id && id.length > 0 && type && type.length > 0
        register_subscription(client, type, id) if @allow_dynamic_registration
      else
        @log.error("handle_subscribe: empty data #{subscribe}")
      end
    end

    def handle_unsubscribe(unsubscribe, client)
      id = unsubscribe.id
      type = unsubscribe.type
      if id && id.length > 0 && type && type.length > 0
        unregister_subscription(client, type, id) if @allow_dynamic_registration
      else
        @log.error("handle_subscribe: empty data #{unsubscribe}")
      end
    end

    def add_to_ban(user, reason)
      user_ban = @temp_ban[user.id]

      if user_ban.nil?
        user_ban = {}
        @temp_ban[user.id] = user_ban
      end

      # allow user back in, after 10 minutes
      user_ban[:allow] = Time.now + 600

      @log.info("user #{user} banned for 10 minutes. reason #{reason}")
    end

    def runaway_heartbeat(heartbeat, context)
      heartbeat_count = @heartbeat_tracker[context.client.client_id] || 0
      heartbeat_count += 1
      @heartbeat_tracker[context.client.client_id] = heartbeat_count

      if heartbeat_count > (context.client_type == 'browser' ? @maximum_minutely_heartbeat_rate_browser : @maximum_minutely_heartbeat_rate_client)
        @log.warn("user #{context.user} sending too many heartbeats: #{heartbeat_count}") if heartbeat_count % 100 == 0

        add_to_ban(context.user, 'too many heartbeats')
        raise SessionError.new('too many heartbeats', 'empty_login')
      else
        false
      end

    end

    def handle_user_status(user_status, client)
      client.context.active = user_status.active
    end

    def handle_heartbeat(heartbeat, heartbeat_message_id, client)
      unless context = @clients[client]
        profile_it('heartbeat_context_gone') {
          @log.warn "*** WARNING:   unable to find context when handling heartbeat. client_id=#{client.client_id}; killing session"
          #Diagnostic.missing_client_state(client.user_id, client.context)
          raise SessionError, 'context state is gone. please reconnect.'
        }
      else
        if runaway_heartbeat(heartbeat, context)
          return
        end

        connection = nil
        profile_it('heartbeat_find_conn') {
          connection = Connection.find_by_client_id(context.client.client_id)
        }
        track_changes_counter = nil
        if connection.nil?
          profile_it('heartbeat_diag_missing') {
            @log.warn "*** WARNING:  unable to find connection when handling heartbeat. context= #{context}; killing session"
            Diagnostic.missing_connection(client.user_id, client.context)
            raise SessionError, 'connection state is gone. please reconnect.'
          }
        else
          #profile_it('heartbeat_transaction') {
          #Connection.transaction do
          # send back track_changes_counter if in a session

          #dboptz

          #profile_it('heartbeat_session') {
          #  if connection.music_session_id
          #    music_session = ActiveMusicSession.select(:track_changes_counter).find_by_id(connection.music_session_id)
          #    track_changes_counter = music_session.track_changes_counter if music_session
          #  end
          #}

          #stale = context.stale?(@connect_time_stale_client)

          profile_it('heartbeat_touch') {
            # update connection updated_at and if the user is active
            # dboptz
            #Connection.where(id: connection.id).update_all(user_active: heartbeat.active, updated_at: Time.now)
            context.updated_at = Time.now
            context.active = heartbeat.active
          }

          profile_it('heartbeat_notification') {
            # update user's notification_seen_at field if the heartbeat indicates it saw one
            # first we try to use the notification id, which should usually exist.
            # if not, then fallback to notification_seen_at, which is approximately the last time we saw a notification
            update_notification_seen_at(connection, context, heartbeat) if client.context.client_type != Connection::TYPE_LATENCY_TESTER
          }
          #end
          #}

          profile_it('heartbeat_stale') {
            #if stale
            #  ConnectionManager.active_record_transaction do |connection_manager|
            #    heartbeat_interval, connection_stale_time, connection_expire_time = determine_connection_times(context.user, context.client_type)
            #    connection_manager.reconnect(connection, client.channel_id, connection.music_session_id, nil, connection_stale_time, connection_expire_time, nil, @gateway_name)
            #  end
            #end
          }
        end

        heartbeat_ack = @message_factory.heartbeat_ack(track_changes_counter)

        send_to_client(client, heartbeat_ack)

        # send errors to clients in response to heartbeats if rabbitmq is down
        if !@amqp_connection_manager.connected?
          error_msg = @message_factory.server_bad_state_error(heartbeat_message_id, "messaging system down")
          context.sent_bad_state_previously = true
          send_to_client(client, error_msg)
          return
        elsif context.sent_bad_state_previously
          context.sent_bad_state_previously = false
          recovery_msg = @message_factory.server_bad_state_recovered(heartbeat_message_id)
          send_to_client(client, recovery_msg)
        end
      end
    end

    def update_notification_seen_at(connection, context, heartbeat)
      notification_id_field = heartbeat.notification_seen if heartbeat.value_for_tag(1)
      if notification_id_field && notification_id_field != ''
        notification = Notification.find_by_id(notification_id_field)
        @semaphore_pnsa.synchronize do
          if notification
            @pending_notification_seen_ats[connection.user.id] = notification.created_at
          else
            notification_seen_at_parsed = nil
            notification_seen_at = heartbeat.notification_seen_at if heartbeat.value_for_tag(2)
            begin
              notification_seen_at_parsed = Time.parse(notification_seen_at) if notification_seen_at && notification_seen_at.length > 0
            rescue Exception => e
              @log.error "unable to parse notification_seen_at in heartbeat from #{context}.  notification_seen_at: #{notification_seen_at}"
            end

            if notification_seen_at_parsed
              @pending_notification_seen_ats[connection.user.id] = notification_seen_at
            end
          end
        end
      end
    end

    def valid_login(username, password, token, client_id, jamblaster)

      if !token.nil? && token != ''
        @log.debug "logging in via token"
        # attempt login with token
        user = User.find_by_remember_token(token)

        if user.nil?
          @log.debug "no user found with token #{token}"
          return nil
        else

          # check against temp ban list
          if @temp_ban[user.id]
            @log.debug("user #{user} is still banned; rejecting login")
            raise SessionError.new('login rejected temporarily', 'empty_login')
          end

          @log.debug "#{user} login via token"
          return user
        end

      elsif !username.nil? and !password.nil?

        @log.debug "logging in via user/pass '#{username}' '#{password}'"
        # attempt login with username and password
        user = User.find_by_email(username)

        # check against temp ban list
        if !user.nil? && @temp_ban[user.id]
          @log.debug("user #{user} is still banned; rejecting login")
          raise SessionError.new('login rejected temporarily', 'empty_login')
        end

        if !user.nil? && user.valid_password?(password)
          @log.debug "#{user} login via password"
          return user
        else
          @log.debug "#{username} login failure"
          return nil
        end
      elsif jamblaster
        # if there is a jamblaster in context, then we will allow no login.
        return nil
      else
        raise SessionError.new('no login data was found in Login message', 'empty_login')
      end
    end

    def access_music_session(music_session_id, user)
      music_session = ActiveMusicSession.find_by_id(music_session_id)

      if music_session.nil?
        raise SessionError, 'specified session not found'
      end

      if !music_session.access? user
        raise SessionError, 'not allowed to join the specified session'
      end

      return music_session
    end

    # client_id = the id of the client being accessed
    # client = the current client
    def access_p2p(client_id, user, msg)

      return nil

      # ping_request and ping_ack messages are special in that they are simply allowed
      if msg.type == ClientMessage::Type::PING_REQUEST || msg.type == ClientMessage::Type::PING_ACK
        return nil
      end

      client_connection = Connection.find_by_client_id(client_id)

      if client_connection.nil?
        raise JamPermissionError, 'specified client not found'
      end

      if !client_connection.access_p2p? user
        raise SessionError, 'not allowed to message this client'
      end
    end


    def handle_client_directed(to_client_id, client_msg, client)
      context = @clients[client]

      # by not catching any exception here, a PermissionError will be thrown if this isn't valid
      # if for some reason the client is trying to send to a client that it doesn't
      # belong to
      #access_p2p(to_client_id, context.user, client_msg)

      # quick and dirty safegaurds against the most dangerous operational messages from being sent by malicious clients
      if client_msg.type == ClientMessage::Type::RELOAD ||
          client_msg.type == ClientMessage::Type::CLIENT_UPDATE ||
          client_msg.type == ClientMessage::Type::GENERIC_MESSAGE ||
          client_msg.type == ClientMessage::Type::RESTART_APPLICATION ||
          client_msg.type == ClientMessage::Type::STOP_APPLICATION
        @@log.error("malicious activity")
        raise SessionError, "not allowed"
      end

      if to_client_id.nil? || to_client_id == 'undefined' # javascript translates to 'undefined' in many cases
        raise SessionError, "empty client_id specified in peer-to-peer message"
      end

      # populate routing data
      client_msg.from = client.client_id

      @log.debug "publishing to client #{to_client_id} from client_id #{client.client_id}" unless client_msg.type == ClientMessage::Type::PEER_MESSAGE

      # put it on the topic exchange for clients
      @clients_exchange.publish(client_msg.to_s, :routing_key => "client.#{to_client_id}", :properties => {:headers => {"client_id" => client.client_id}})
    end

    def handle_user_directed(user_id, client_msg, client)

      @log.debug "publishing to user #{user_id} from client_id #{client.client_id}"

      # put it on the topic exchange for users
      @users_exchange.publish(client_msg.to_s, :routing_key => "user.#{user_id}")
    end

    def handle_session_directed(session_id, client_msg, client)
      context = @clients[client]

      user_publish_to_session(session_id, context.user, client_msg, :client_id => client.client_id)
    end

    # sends a message to a session on behalf of a user
    # if this is originating in the context of a client, it should be specified as :client_id => "value"
    # client_msg should be a well-structure message (jam-pb message)
    def user_publish_to_session(music_session_id, user, client_msg, sender = {:client_id => ""})
      music_session = access_music_session(music_session_id, user)

      # gather up client_ids in the session
      client_ids = music_session.music_session_clients.map { |client| client.client_id }.reject { |client_id| client_id == sender[:client_id] }

      publish_to_session(music_session.id, client_ids, client_msg.to_s, sender)
    end


    # sends a message to a session with no checking of permissions
    # this method deliberately has no database interactivity/active_record objects
    def publish_to_session(music_session_id, client_ids, client_msg, sender = {:client_id => ""})

      EM.schedule do
        sender_client_id = sender[:client_id]

        # iterate over each person in the session, and send a p2p message
        client_ids.each do |client_id|

          @@log.debug "publishing to session:#{music_session_id} client:#{client_id} from client:#{sender_client_id}"
          # put it on the topic exchange3 for clients
          self.class.client_exchange.publish(client_msg, :routing_key => "client.#{client_id}")
        end
      end
    end

    def extract_ip(client, override_ip)
      override_ip || Socket.unpack_sockaddr_in(client.get_peername)[1]
    end

    def periodical_flag_connections
      # @log.debug("*** flag_stale_connections:  fires each #{flag_max_time} seconds")
      #pgoptz
      #ConnectionManager.active_record_transaction do |connection_manager|
      #  connection_manager.flag_stale_connections(@gateway_name)
      #end

    end

    def periodical_check_clients
      # it's possible that a client will not be represented in the database anymore, due to hard to trace/guess scenario
      # usually involve reconnects.    Double-check that all clients in memory are actually in the database. if not, delete them from memory

      stored_ars_raw = Ars.active_arses(true)
      stored_ars_beta_raw = Ars.active_arses(false)
      @stored_policy = GenericState.singleton.connection_policy

      stored_ars = []
      stored_ars_beta = []
      stored_ars_raw.each do |ars|
        stored_ars << @message_factory.ars_body(ars)
      end
      stored_ars_beta_raw.each do |ars|
        stored_ars_beta << @message_factory.ars_body(ars)
      end
      @stored_ars = stored_ars
      @stored_ars_beta = stored_ars_beta

      if @client_lookup.length == 0
        return
      end

      client_ids = @client_lookup.map { |client_id, info| "('#{client_id}')" }.join(',')

      # find all client_id's that do not have a row in the db, and whack them
      # this style of query does the following: https://gist.github.com/sethcall/15308ccde298bff74584
      sql = "WITH app_client_ids(client_id) AS (VALUES#{client_ids})
              SELECT client_id from app_client_ids WHERE client_id NOT IN (SELECT client_id FROM connections WHERE gateway = '#{@gateway_name}');
 "
      ConnectionManager.active_record_transaction do |connection_manager, conn|
        conn.exec(sql) do |result|
          result.each { |row|
            client_id = row['client_id']
            context = @client_lookup[client_id]
            if context
              @log.debug("cleaning up missing client #{client_id}, #{context.user}")
              #cleanup_client_with_id(client_id)
              cleanup_client(context.client)
            else
              @log.error("could not clean up missing client #{client_id}")
            end
          }
        end
      end
    end

    def wipe_all_connections
      # meant to be called only on startup; delete all connections fo myself
      ConnectionManager.active_record_transaction do |connection_manager, conn|
        clients = connection_manager.connection_client_ids_for_gateway(@gateway_name)
        @log.info "Cleaning up #{clients.length} clients on startup"
        clients.each do |client_id|
          cleanup_client_with_id(client_id)
        end
      end
    end

    def periodical_notification_seen
      pending = nil
      @semaphore_pnsa.synchronize do
        return if @pending_notification_seen_ats.count == 0
        pending = @pending_notification_seen_ats.clone
        @pending_notification_seen_ats.clear
      end

      bulk_values = pending.map{|k,v| "('#{k}', '#{v}'::timestamp)"}.join(',')
      sql = %{
      update users as u
        set notification_seen_at = c.notification_seen_at
      from (values
        #{bulk_values}
      ) as c(user_id, notification_seen_at)
        where c.user_id = u.id;
      }
      @log.info("SQL #{sql}")
      ConnectionManager.active_record_transaction do |connection_manager, conn|
        conn.exec(sql)
      end
    end

    def periodical_check_connections
      # this method is designed to be called periodically (every few seconds)
      # in which this gateway instance will check only its own clients for their health

      # since each gateway checks only the clients it knows about, this allows us to deploy
      # n gateways that don't know much about each other.

      # each gateway marks each connection row with it's gateway ID (so each gateway needs it's own ID or bad things happen)

      # we also have a global resque job that checks for connections that appear to be not controlled by any gateway
      # to make sure that we have stale connections cleaned up, even in the case of gateways that have crashed or are buggy

      clients = []
      # dboptz
      #ConnectionManager.active_record_transaction do |connection_manager|
      # clients = connection_manager.stale_connection_client_ids(@gateway_name)
      #
      #end

      @client_lookup.each do |client_id, client_context|
        if Time.now - client_context.updated_at > @connect_time_expire_client
          cleanup_client_with_id(client_id)
        end
      end

    end

    def periodical_update_user_last_seen
      active_users_ids = @client_lookup.map { |client_id, client_context| client_context.active ? client_context.user.id : nil }.compact.uniq
      
      if active_users_ids.any?
        sql = %{
          update users set last_jam_updated_at = now(), last_jam_updated_reason='#{User::JAM_REASON_PRESENT}' where users.id in (#{active_users_ids.map{|id| "'#{id}'"}.join(',')});
        }
        @log.info("SQL #{sql}")

        ConnectionManager.active_record_transaction do |connection_manager, conn|
          conn.exec(sql)
        end
      end
    end

    def periodical_update_user_last_seen
      active_users_ids = @client_lookup.map { |client_id, client_context| client_context.active ? client_context.user.id : nil }.compact.uniq
      
      if active_users_ids.any?
        sql = %{
          update users set last_jam_updated_at = now(), last_jam_updated_reason='#{User::JAM_REASON_PRESENT}' where users.id in (#{active_users_ids.map{|id| "'#{id}'"}.join(',')});
        }
        @log.info("SQL #{sql}")

        ConnectionManager.active_record_transaction do |connection_manager, conn|
          conn.exec(sql)
        end
      end
    end

    def periodical_stats_dump

      # assume 60 seconds per status dump
      stats = @message_stats.sort_by { |k, v| -v }
      stats.map { |i| i[1] = (i[1] / 60.0).round(2) }

      @semaphore.synchronize do
        @log.info("num clients: #{@client_lookup.count}")
      end

      @log.info("msg/s: " + stats.map { |i| i.join('=>') }.join(', '))
      @log.info("largest msg from #{@largest_message_user}: #{@largest_message ? @largest_message.length : 0}b")

      if @highest_drift > 1
        @log.info("highest drift: #{@highest_drift - 2}")
      end

      total_time = 0
      time_sums = @time_it_sums.sort_by { |k, v| -v }

      log_num = 3
      count = 0
      time_sums.each do |cat, cat_time|
        count += 1
        if count <= log_num
          @log.info("timed #{cat} used time: #{cat_time}")
        end

        total_time += cat_time
      end

      @log.info("total used time: #{total_time}")

      profile_sums = @profile_it_sums.sort_by { |k, v| -v }
      profile_sums.each do |cat, cat_time|
        @log.info("profiled #{cat} used time: #{cat_time}")
      end


      @temp_ban.each do |user_id, data|
        if Time.now > data[:allow]
          @log.info("user #{user_id} allowed back in")
          @temp_ban.delete(user_id)
        end
      end

      # stuff in extra stats into the @message_stats and send it all off
      @message_stats['gateway_name'] = @gateway_name
      @message_stats['login'] = @login_success_count
      @message_stats['login_fail'] = @login_fail_count
      @message_stats['connected'] = @connected_count
      @message_stats['disconnected'] = @disconnected_count
      @message_stats['largest_msg'] = @largest_message ? @largest_message.length : 0
      @message_stats['highest_drift'] = @highest_drift - 2 # 2 comes from the server's 2 second timer for the drift check
      @message_stats['total_time'] = total_time
      @message_stats['banned_users'] = @temp_ban.length

      #Stats.write('gateway.stats', @message_stats)

      # clear out stats
      @message_stats.clear
      @login_success_count = 0
      @login_fail_count = 0
      @connected_count = 0
      @disconnected_count = 0
      @user_message_counts = {}
      @largest_message = nil
      @largest_message_user = nil
      @time_it_sums = {}
      @highest_drift = 0
      @heartbeat_tracker = {}
    end

    def cleanup_client_with_id(cid)

      client_context = @client_lookup[cid]

      if client_context
        #Diagnostic.expired_stale_connection(client_context.user.id, client_context)
        cleanup_client(client_context.client)
      end

      music_session = nil
      recording_id = nil
      user = nil

      # remove this connection from the database
      ConnectionManager.active_record_transaction do |mgr|
        mgr.delete_connection(cid) { |conn, count, music_session_id, user_id|
          user = User.find_by_id(user_id)
          return if user.nil? # this can happen if you delete a user while their connection is up
          @log.info "expiring stale connection client_id:#{cid}, user_id:#{user}"
          Notification.send_friend_update(user_id, false, conn) if count == 0
          music_session = ActiveMusicSession.find_by_id(music_session_id) unless music_session_id.nil?
          user = User.find_by_id(user_id) unless user_id.nil?

          if music_session
            msuh = MusicSessionUserHistory.where(client_id: cid).order('created_at DESC').first
            if msuh
              msuh.session_removed_at = Time.now if msuh.session_removed_at.nil?
              msuh.save(validate: false)
            end


            recording = music_session.stop_recording
            unless recording.nil?
              @log.debug "cleanup_client: stopped recording: #{recording.id} because user #{user} reconnected"
              recording.discard_if_no_action(user) # throw away this users vote for the
              @log.debug "cleanup_client: discard complete"
              recording_id = recording.id unless recording.nil?
            end

            # if the user was in a recording during the finializing phase (after stopped, but keep/discard still required in recordingFinishedDialog)
            # then throw away the user's
            most_recent_recording = music_session.most_recent_recording
            if most_recent_recording && most_recent_recording.users.exists?(user)
              @log.debug "cleanup_client: discarded user's vote for recording: #{most_recent_recording.id} because user #{user} reconnected"
              # if this user was in the most recent recording associated with the session they were just in, discard any tracks they had
              most_recent_recording.discard_if_no_action(user) # throw away this users vote for the
            else
              @log.debug "cleanup_client: no recent recording to clean up"
            end


            music_session.with_lock do # VRFS-1297
              @log.debug("cleanup_client: tick track changes")
              music_session.tick_track_changes
              @log.debug("cleanup_client: tick track changes done")
            end
          end
        }
      end

      if user && music_session
        @log.info("cleanup_client: Send session depart message for #{user} to #{music_session.id}")
        Notification.send_session_depart(music_session, cid, user, recording_id)
        @log.info("cleanup_client:  Sent session depart")
      end
    end

    # removes all resources associated with a client
    def cleanup_client(client)
      @semaphore.synchronize do

        client.close

        # unregister any subscriptions
        client.subscriptions.each do |subscription|
          unregister_subscription(client, subscription[:type], subscription[:id])
        end

        pending = client.context.nil? # presence of context implies this connection has been logged into

        if pending
          @log.debug "cleaned up not-logged-in client #{client}"
          stats_disconnected
        else
          @log.debug "cleanup up logged-in client #{client}"

          context = @clients.delete(client)

          if context
            remove_client(client.client_id)
            remove_user(context)
            stats_disconnected
          else
            @log.warn "skipping duplicate cleanup attempt of logged-in client"
          end
        end
      end
    end

    def stats_logged_in
      @login_success_count = @login_success_count + 1
    end

    def stats_logged_in_failed
      @login_fail_count = @login_fail_count + 1
    end

    def stats_connected
      @connected_count = @connected_count + 1
    end

    def stats_disconnected
      @disconnected_count = @disconnected_count + 1
    end

    private

    def time_it(cat, &blk)
      start = Time.now

      blk.call

      time = Time.now - start

      @time_it_sums[cat] = (@time_it_sums[cat] || 0)+ time

      @log.warn("LONG TIME: #{cat}: #{time}") if time > 1
    end

    def profile_it(cat, &blk)
      start = Time.now

      blk.call

      time = Time.now - start

      @profile_it_sums[cat] = (@profile_it_sums[cat] || 0)+ time

      @log.warn("LONG TIME: #{cat}: #{time}") if time > 1
    end

    def sane_logging(&blk)
      # used around repeated transactions that cause too much ActiveRecord::Base logging
      begin
        if @ar_base_logger
          original_level = @ar_base_logger.level
          @ar_base_logger.level = :info
        end
        blk.call
      ensure
        if @ar_base_logger
          @ar_base_logger.level = original_level
        end
      end
    end
  end
end